The application and management of wearable optical sensing technology in precision medical and health monitoring for the elderly

With the increasing aging population, the health management of older people has become an increasingly important issue. The author aims to meet the health needs of older people by designing a wearable device and a vital sign monitoring system based on optical sensing technology. The author analyzed the system's requirements and functions, provided the overall design architecture, and logically divided the system into the following functional modules: wireless environment monitoring, elderly physiological parameter collection, indoor area positioning, network node management, and the cloud platform. The functions that each module needs to implement were analyzed. Using the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller as the core control device, combined with DS18B20 and MAX30102 sensors, it collects wrist temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygen data. The MPU6050 gyroscope is used to detect changes in human body deflection angle and acceleration, serving as the basis for fall detection. LCD screens and buttons are used to achieve human-computer interaction. The test results show that the average error between wrist temperature and forehead temperature is about 0.2 °C, and the mistake with armpit temperature is about 0.6 °C; In terms of heart rate measurement, the photodegradation method can obtain reliable human heart rate and blood oxygen signals, and the system measurement values match well with the heart rate image output by PGG; In terms of fall detection, the fusion of deflection angle and acceleration changes can improve the accuracy of fall detection to 95.2%. This system has the characteristics of small size, high precision, low power consumption, and ease of wear, and offers a wide range of application prospects.