Report of phimosis in an Andean Bear Tremarctos ornatus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ursidae) and ultrasonographic description of the male genitourinary system

The Andean Bear is classified as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of data on the species’ reproduction and reproductive pathologies. General anesthesia was administered to assess the health of a 16-year-old male individual weighing 161 kg, housed in a zoological institution. Anesthesia was induced using ketamine (7 mg/kg; im), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg; im), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg; im), and dexmedetomidine (0.007 mg/kg; im). It was maintained with 1% isoflurane. During the clinical evaluation, a phimosis condition, secondary to a traumatic injury, was observed for the first time in this species. Ultrasonography of the reproductive system revealed the left testicle measured 3.87 x 2.27 cm and the right testicle measured 3.66 x 2.16 cm. Both testicles exhibited irregular hyperechoic areas. The prostate measured 1.77 x 3.11 cm. The penile urethra measured approximately 0.5 cm, and the penile bone, an elongated structure, measured 4 x 0.8 cm.