Evaluation of salivary gland changes in menopausal women with xerostomia using the modified Schirmer test and ultrasonography

Abstract Background The menopausal period is associated with hormonal changes that may influence salivary gland function, leading to xerostomia. This study aims to comparatively examine the VAS Questionnaire, Modified Schirmer Test (MST), and ultrasonography (USG) methods to evaluate salivary gland functions in menopausal women. Methods This clinical cross-sectional study included 60 menopausal women who voluntarily participated. The VAS questionnaire was used to assess subjective oral dryness. Subsequently, the Modified Schirmer Test was applied to the parotid region and floor of the mouth to measure salivary secretion. Salivary glands were examined ultrasonographically to evaluate echogenicity, margins, internal structure, and vascularity. The results of MST were compared with ultrasonographic parameters. Results VAS scores were found to be significantly higher in menopausal women who reported xerostomia (p < 0.05). The Modified Schirmer Test effectively distinguished individuals with xerostomia, demonstrating diagnostic reliability. Statistically significant correlations were observed between MST values and ultrasonographic findings. Notably, changes in vascularity and gland margins were associated with decreased salivary secretion. Conclusions The Modified Schirmer Test and ultrasonography showed a significant and consistent relationship in assessing salivary gland function. The combined use of these two methods can provide complementary and objective information for the clinical evaluation of xerostomia in menopausal women.