Current and future potential of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Southern Africa: a scoping review

Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important staple food in sub–Saharan Africa. Over 60% of the global cassava production occurs in Africa, with the southern African region contributing approximately 15% to this total. Compared to west and central Africa, the southern Africa region has not fully realised its potential for cassava production. This study examines cassava-related research in southern Africa focusing on current trends, challenges, and contributions of cassava to food security, economic development, and climate resilience. It also explores industrial applications, the implications for sustainable agriculture, and identifies critical policy and research gaps through a bibliographic network analysis. One hundred and ninety-two eligible research manuscripts published between 2000 and 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Most cassava research has been conducted in South Africa, followed by Zambia, Mozambique and Malawi. Cassava pests and diseases, crop management, yield and food security were the most researched themes. The region’s average actual yield (9.5 t/ha) compared with the potential yield (75–80 t/ha) highlights the untapped potential in cassava production. Findings from climatic studies predict a substantial increase in the area suitable for cassava production in the region. Some studies have highlighted the potential of cassava as a raw material for biofuel and industrial starch. This study highlights the current body of knowledge and identifies research gaps concerning cassava, which various stakeholders can explore to achieve significant advancements in promoting cassava cultivation in the region.