Remediation of poultry wastewater contaminated with multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Triazole-modified MIL-53(Fe)

Abstract Background Multi-drug-resistant spectrum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is frequently issue in wastewater of poultry industry, posing a major public hazard. Also, the incorporation of promising nano-scale materials, notably metal organic frameworks (MOFs), is an auspicious tool for enhancing the biological quality of wastewater. Methods A total of wastewater samples (n = 50) were collected to from randomly chosen poultry shops in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt, to isolate P. aeruginosa, the antibiotic profile of the most frequently used antibiotics in the poultry farming sector was investigated, as well as the dissemination of antibiotic coding genes (blaTEM and blaKPC genes) through the molecular techniques was done, and finally, antimicrobial evaluation of the synthesized 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, MOF, and T@MOFs composite is carried out against strains of P. aeruginosa exhibiting MRD. Results P. aeruginosa identified in 68.0% of wastewater samples, showing multi-drug resistance to most of antibiotics including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, amikacin cefoxitin, clindamycin, lincomycin, and gentamicin, with a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index extending from 0.5 to 0.83. Additionally, T@MOFs composite demonstrated a significant bactericidal potency indicated by a minimum bactericidal concentration of 83.33 ± 2.83 μg/mL, a minimum inhibitory concentration of 41.63 ± 10.43 μg/mL as well as a prominent inhibition zone diameter that measured 20.00 ± 2.31 mm. Conclusion The study reveals that wastewater in the examined areas poses noteworthy reservoir for the spread of MDR P. aeruginosa and their encoding genes. Also, T@MOFs composite displays exceptional antimicrobial efficacy against P. aeruginosa isolates, with a promising issue for critical wastewater bioremediation, addressing worldwide water scarcity challenges.