Public stigma towards trans people in physical education and sport in Colombia according to socio-political and sport-related variables

Abstract Introduction Transgender inclusion in physical education and sports (PES) is a critical issue, reflecting persistent societal and institutional barriers. This study aims to analyse public stigma towards trans people among PES professionals in Colombia according to socio-political (gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation and political preference) and sport-related variables (PES professional role, sport participation and competitive sport involvement). Methods A total of 1,943 participants, including university students and teachers of PES, as well as sports professionals, completed the Spanish version of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs (T-KAB) scale through an online survey administered between October 2021 and May 2022. Non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) were conducted to analyse group differences. Results Results indicate that women, homosexuals, left-wing, non-religious participants, teachers, and individuals not engaged in sport or competitive activities, reported more inclusive responses. In contrast, men, heterosexuals, religious, right-wing individuals, university students, and those involved in sport participation and competition, expressed more negative responses. Conclusions The study underscores the need for critical pedagogical approaches, inclusive curricular reforms, and institutional policies to address cisnormative norms within PES settings. Policy implications This study informs the importance of equipping PES professionals through robust initial preparation and continuing professional development, supported by institution-wide policies that explicitly challenge cisnormativity such as gender-affirmation protocols and inclusive curricula, in order to reduce public stigma and cultivate safer and more inclusive environments.