Pharmaceutical needs at temporary dispensing sites in Suzu City during the subacute phase after the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake: a cross-sectional study of disaster prescription trends

Abstract Background This study examined pharmaceutical needs in the subacute phase following the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, using dispensed prescriptions as a proxy. We described demand patterns, the dispensing timeline amid early shortages, and the alignment between observed requirements and four disaster medicine lists. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of prescriptions dispensed in disaster-affected areas of Japan (primarily Suzu City) between January 7 and 13, 2024. A total of 236 prescriptions were included and categorized into major therapeutic classes. We separated regular prescriptions from as-needed (pro re nata, PRN) prescriptions. The dispensing interval was defined as the number of days from prescription issuance to dispensing. Coverage was calculated by comparing dispensed medicines against four disaster medicine lists, including the Japanese Medical Association Team (JMAT) Carry-on Medicine List. Results Cardiovascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal drugs were the most commonly prescribed medicines. Early shortages delayed dispensing until wholesale supplies resumed on January 11. Regular and PRN prescriptions accounted for 41.9% and 53.8% of all prescriptions, respectively. However, PRN prescriptions were dispensed in fewer days. Coverage of the four disaster medicine lists ranged from 41.8% to 65.9%, with the highest coverage for the JMAT Carry-on Medicine List. Conclusions This study clarified the characteristics of pharmaceutical needs in Suzu City during the subacute phase, albeit within a limited scope based on the activities of specific medical support teams. Observed pharmaceutical requirements only partially overlapped with existing lists. Portable medicine lists, regional stockpiles, and local formularies tailored to community needs could improve responsiveness. Interim measures, such as temporary services and mobile support, helped bridge the gap in medicine access before supply chain recovery. In this setting, mobile pharmacy vehicles potentially played a central role until normal distribution resumed. These data can inform future disaster medicine planning.