The relation of anti-Mullerian hormone and inhibin B to ovarian function in turner girls and the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on uterine development assessed by ultrasonography

Abstract Background Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder affecting growth, ovarian function, and pubertal development. This study evaluated the effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on growth, pubertal progression, and reproductive organ development, as well as ovarian function using hormonal biomarkers. Methods This prospective study included 40 girls with TS (aged 10.5–11 years) receiving GH therapy but not ERT, who were followed at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after starting ERT. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B levels were assessed, together with anthropometric and radiological evaluations. A control group of 40 age-matched healthy girls was included only to provide baseline reference values for AMH and inhibin B. The control participants were clinically normal, did not receive any treatment, and were not included in the longitudinal follow-up analysis. Results GH and ERT significantly improved growth, pubertal progression, and uterine development in girls with TS (p < 0.05). Serum AMH and inhibin B levels were significantly lower in TS patients than in healthy controls (0.5 ± 0.6 vs. 3.3 ± 1.9 ng/mL, and 6.4 ± 0.2 vs. 9.3 ± 3.7 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). AMH showed significant negative correlations with FSH, LH, and E2. Conclusion The addition of ERT improved growth velocity and pubertal development in TS patients, with uterine volume serving as a useful marker of ERT response. Low AMH and Inhibin B levels highlight ovarian insufficiency in such patients. Clinical trial Not applicable.