Development of a passive noise control approach for vibroacoustic and acoustic reduction in electric vehicle inverters using particle dampers

Abstract The shift from internal combustion engines to electric powertrains has redefined the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) profile of contemporary vehicles. The reduction of engine-generated broadband noise has led to the increased perceptibility of high-frequency tonal components, particularly those associated with inverter operation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a passive noise mitigation strategy, utilizing the particle damping technique, in addressing the emerging issue of inverter-induced acoustic phenomena. A particle damper filled with rubber granulate was integrated into the existing lid structure of an inverter enclosure without requiring any structural or geometric modifications. Experimental validation was conducted under full-load and stationary conditions, simulating critical NVH scenarios typical of electric drive systems. Vibration and sound pressure measurements were performed to assess the effectiveness of the damping strategy. The implementation of the particle damper led to a substantial reduction in structural vibration amplitudes within the frequency range of 800 - 1100 Hz. Notably, a peak vibration attenuation of 9.7 dB was recorded at the resonance frequency of 897 Hz. Complementary sound pressure level measurements revealed a noise reduction of approximately 6 dB, confirming the acoustic benefits of the damping intervention. The findings highlight the effectiveness of particle dampers as a passive, lightweight, and non-invasive solution for mitigating inverter-induced noise in electric vehicles. This approach not only enhances acoustic comfort for vehicle occupants but also addresses a critical NVH issue in the context of future electric mobility.