Características morfogênicas e estruturais de capim-massai submetido a adubação nitrogenada e desfolhação Morphogenetic and structural characteristics responses of massaigrass under nitrogen fertilization and defoliation

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfogênicas de Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum cv. Massai submetido a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 mg/dm³) e três regimes de desfolhação (três, quatro e cinco folhas completamente expandidas), em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Após semeadura, transplantio e desbaste, três plantas permaneceram em vasos com capacidade para 5,8 dm³ de solo. As adubações fosfatada e potássica foram realizadas de acordo com os resultados da análise do solo. A adubação nitrogenada, via solução aquosa, de acordo com os tratamentos experimentais, foi parcelada em quatro vezes. Quando as plantas apresentavam o número de folhas expandidas indicador da desfolhação, foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto às características morfogênicas. Ao findar o período experimental, as plantas foram colhidas e levadas à estufa, para determinação do teor de MS. A taxa de alongamento foliar (TAlF) aumentou linearmente até 64% na dose de 120 mg/dm³ de N, em comparação à ausência de nitrogênio. O filocrono reduziu com a adubação nitrogenada. A produção de MS da parte aérea do capim-massai e a relação lâmina:colmo aumentaram linearmente com as doses de N e a redução do número de folhas expandidas antes da colheita.<br>This work was carried out to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the hybrid Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum cv. Massai in response to four nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/dm³) and three defoliation intervals (two, three and four completely expanded leaves), in a 4 x 3 factorial treatment combination. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse according to a completely randomized design, with four replications. Sowing was achieved in plastic tray filled with sand and seedlings were transplanted to pots with 5.8 dm³ of soil. Pots were thinned to three plants/pot. The phosphate and potash fertilization was accomplished according to soil fertility analysis. The nitrogen fertilization was split in four applications in aqueous solution, according to the experimental doses. As the plants presented the number of expanded leaves, indicating their defoliation interval, they were harvested to 5 cm from soil level; this harvest marked the beginning of the evaluation period of the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the grass. At the end of these evaluations, the plants were harvested, dried and weighted. Nitrogen fertilization doses had marked effects on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Massaigrass, as well as on its shoot dry weight. Leaf elongation rate (TAlF) showed linear increase of 64% to N doses. The phyllochron decreased as nitrogen dose increased. Shoot dry matter weight and lamina:stem ratio increased linearly with the increment of N doses but decreased as the number of expanded leaves increased before harvest.