Individualisation of the Educational Process and Supporting Students in Adapting to a New Learning Environment: Evaluation of Current Approaches

The study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of traditional, innovative, and digital approaches to individualising the educational process and student adaptation within the educational systems of Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The research employed comparative, systemic, content, and qualitative analyses to assess individualised learning approaches in these countries, considering regulatory frameworks, digital tools, pedagogical practices, and socio-cultural contexts. The findings revealed three key dimensions of educational individualisation: traditional methods, digital technologies, and innovative approaches. The study identified specific characteristics of implementing differentiated instruction, individual consultations, tutoring, and adaptive curricula in countries with varying levels of technological development. The role of digital tools and factors influencing their effectiveness – including educators' digital literacy and cultural-educational contexts – were examined. Innovative student adaptation methods, such as project-based learning, gamification, peer-to-peer learning, and adaptive blended learning, were analysed. Particular attention was given to fostering an inclusive educational environment as a critical aspect of individualisation. The study established that the most effective strategies are comprehensive, integrating traditional methods with digital and innovative technologies, while the key success factors include a systematic approach, consideration of national contexts, and targeted teacher training. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of tailored models for individualised learning, accounting for the technological and socio-economic specificities of the educational systems in Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive comparative analysis of educational individualisation and student adaptation approaches in Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, which for the first time integrates traditional methods, digital technologies, and innovative strategies, considering the technological and socio-cultural specificities of these countries.