Pemphigoid diseases in infancy and childhood. A review of the literature

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease that very rarely affects children. Clinical differences in locations of skin lesions led to the distinction of infantile versus childhood pemphigoid. Mucous membranes can be affected. The first-line therapy usually consists of topical or/and systemic glucocorticosteroids. Intravenous immunoglobulin infusions can be a valuable treatment option. Prognosis of infantile pemphigoid and childhood pemphigoid is good and the duration is often limited to one year with adequate treatment. The differential diagnosis of blisters should include: linear immunoglobulin A bullous disease of childhood, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous scabies and childhood infectious diseases with blisters.