Fatores que influenciam a autogestão nos adolescentes com Diabetes Tipo 1

Background: There are 303 new known cases of children and adolescents (0-19) with type 1 diabetes in Portugal, only in the year 2014, and more than 79000 new cases worldwide in 2013. The incidence of this chronic condition is rising, and the technological and medical advances in the last years allow for the well-being of individuals who, in other conditions, would not have survived. Health interventions directed to the adolescent with type 1 diabetes aim to motivate and facilitate self -management transition from caregiver to self, having the specificity of the adolescents in mind. The caregiver plays an essential role in this transition. His control
and support should not end abruptly at the beginning of the adolescence, but slowly become an orientation that respects the young person’s autonomy. Type 1 diabetes has always been a widely studied subject, and the interventions directed specifically to the adolescence period are one of the focus on recent papers.


Methodology: This scoping review was carried out according to of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual (2015). Initial search, including JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, CINAHL and MEDLINE, revealed there is not a scoping or a systematic review (published or in progress) about this subject. The objective of this review is to identify and map the knowledge about the self-management development process in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It takes into account the perspectives of adolescents (aged 10-18) with type 1 diabetes and their parents/caregivers. It also includes the perspectives of health professionals and young adults (aged 18-25) with type 1 diabetes, where the participants are considered experts in their chronic condition.


Results: Six main categories of factors considered as barriers or facilitators in the development process of self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes could be found: Adolescent Self; Family; School; Peers; Health Care and type 1 diabetes evolution/Health regimen. Interventions can be adopted by health professionals in order to surpass identified challenges to self -management. Further investigation is needed on the matter, and focus groups are recommended for adolescents, caregivers and young adults regarding this theme.