Mitigating cadmium-induced exposure in male rats: the protective role of Ziziphus spina-christi

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental pollutant known for its detrimental effects on male reproductive health, causing testicular damage, hormonal imbalances, and reduced fertility. This study investigates the protective effects of Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's Thorn Jujube) against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Male rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a cadmium-only group (1mg/kg Cd), a Ziziphus spina-christi group (100mg/kg extract), and a cadmium plus Ziziphus spina-christi group. The treatments were administered for 21 days. Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and prostate weights were measured. Hormone levels (LH, FSH, and testosterone). Histological examinations of testicular tissue were conducted to evaluate structural changes. Cadmium exposure significantly reduced the weights of all reproductive organs and decreased hormone levels, indicating severe reproductive toxicity. Co-treatment with Ziziphus spina-christi partially restored organ weights and improved hormonal levels. Histological analysis revealed significant pathological changes in the cadmium group, including disorganization of seminiferous tubules and reduction in spermatogenic cells. These changes were mitigated in the Ziziphus spina-christi treated groups, showing minimal structural damage. Ziziphus spina-christi demonstrated a protective effect against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.