Prostatic leiomyosarcoma in a dog treated using a multimodal approach

Abstract Prostatic leiomyosarcoma is an uncommon tumor encountered in male dogs, with only 2 cases reported in the veterinary literature with no follow‐up described. A 12‐year‐old male intact German Wirehaired Pointer presented for evaluation of straining to defecate and urinate. Whole body computed tomography (CT) examination identified a spherical multicavitary expansile mass arising from the prostate gland and severely obliterating the pelvic canal. Partial subcapsular prostatectomy was performed, and histological and immunohistochemical results were consistent with prostatic leiomyosarcoma. Metronomic cyclophosphamide and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow‐up CT 10 months later indicated no signs of recurrence or metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the first report of successful multidisciplinary treatment consisting of partial subcapsular prostatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for prostatic leiomyosarcoma in a dog. After 15 months of follow‐up, the patient remained recurrence‐free without metastasis.