Decline in prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatian dogs in the United Kingdom

Abstract Background Congenital sensorineural deafness (CSD) is the most common type of deafness in Dalmatian dogs. Objectives To use results of CSD screening in Dalmatian dogs in the United Kingdom in genetic analysis and to determine any changes in the prevalence of CSD in this breed over time. Animals A total of 8955 Dalmatian puppies undergoing hearing function screening using brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) between July 1992 and February 2019. Methods Results of BAER testing and pigmentation phenotypic data were linked to the UK Kennel Club Dalmatian pedigree database. Mixed model analysis was used to estimate variance parameters. Results The overall prevalence of CSD was 17.8% (13.4%, unilateral; 4.4%, bilateral). Heritability of CSD was approximately 0.3 (across models) and significantly >0. Genetic correlations between CSD and blue irises (+0.6) and pigmented head patch (−0.86) were large in magnitude and significantly different form 0. Significant improving phenotypic and genetic trends were identified, likely as the result of selection against deafness, equivalent to avoiding breeding with the 4% to 5% of animals with the highest genetic risk of CSD. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A decrease in the prevalence and genetic risk of CSD implies breeders have been selecting for hearing dogs. Selective breeding based on estimated breeding values (EBVs) can help further decrease the prevalence of CSD in Dalmatians in the future.