Efeitos de histórias de reforço social sobre o seguir regras

The objective was to study the effects of social reinforcement histories on rule-following using 12 undergraduate students exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure. The task was to point out each one of the three comparison stimuli in a given sequence. In both experimental conditions, no sequence was reinforced or instructed in Phase 1. Phase 2 initiated the rule corresponding to the contingencies and Phase 3 with the rule that was discrepant to the contingencies. In Phases 2 and 3, the only reinforced sequence was the one specified by the correspondent rule of Phase 2. The two conditions differed in the consequences programmed for the correct sequence. The correct sequence would produce social reinforcement in Condition 1 and would produce social reinforcement, plus points exchangeable for money in Condition 2. The correct sequence was reinforced in continuous reinforcement. All 12 participants followed the correspondent rule in Phase 2. In Phase 3, four out of six participants in Condition 1 and three out of six participants in Condition 2 followed the discrepant rule. It is suggested that a history of social reinforcement for following a correspondent rule can contribute to maintain a subsequent following of a rule discrepant from the contingencies. Keywords: contingencies of reinforcement; social reinforcement history; instructional control.