A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Randomized Survey Modality to Assess Impact of Survey Modality on Demographic, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Measures among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya

Objectives We assessed whether survey mode influenced reporting of sexual behaviors and psychosocial factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kenya. Methods In cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 493 MSM in Kisumu and Nairobi enrolled in a prospective cohort study, participants were randomized 1:1 to Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) or Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI). We compared responses across survey modes using Poisson regression with robust variance, adjusting for socio-demographics. Results In both sites, CAPI users more frequently reported sex with a female partner. In Kisumu, CAPI users were less likely to report receptive anal intercourse. In Nairobi, CAPI users were less likely to report food insecurity, transactional sex, and STI symptoms. Conclusion While most responses were similar across modes, ACASI prompted higher reporting of sensitive behaviors, highlighting added value for capturing stigmatized and sensitive information. Offering both methods may enhance data quality and respect participant preferences.