Histopathological Study of Non Neoplastic Lesions of the Uterine Cervix - A Prospective Study

Background: Gynecological specimens form a major bulk among the specimens received for histopathological examination,out of which cervix is one of the most commonest organ affected by neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. Most of these lesions occur in women of reproductive age group. Histopathologic studies of the cervix can help in early diagnosis and management. Objectives: To study the microscopic features of various non neoplastic lesions of uterine cervix. Methods and material: 200 specimens were analysed which included both hysterectomy and cervical biopsies over a period of one year from June 2023 to June 2024 in the Department of Pathology, CIMS, Chamarajanagar. All the specimens were grossed as per standard protocol, processed and microscopically examined. Results: Out of 200 cervical specimens examined, 80% were hysterectomy specimens and rest were cervical biopsies. Mean age group of this study was 49.47 years. Majority of the patients presented with white discharge per vagina which accounted for 72.5% and post coital bleeding (1.5%) being the least. On gross examination,57.5% of cervices appeared normal and cervical fibroid (2.5%) being the least. On Microscopic examination, majority of the cases were showing features of chronic non specific cervicitis 24% and least number of cases were cervical endometriosis 1%. Conclusion: A vast number of non neoplastic lesions of cervix exists, few of them mimic malignancy also. Hence histopathological examination plays a vital role in early diagnosis and helping the clinician for early intervention thereby reducing morbidity. Awareness programmes along with cervical screening also adds upto the early diagnosis. Keywords: Cervix, Non neoplastic lesion, Histopathology