High-capacity multiview display with large viewing angle via orbital angular momentum-encoded nanograting arrays

Three-dimensional (3D) displays reconstruct spatial light fields, providing immersive stereoscopic experiences with depth perception. Multiview 3D displays are particularly attractive, delivering multiple perspective images to different spatial positions for glasses-free multi-user observation and continuous motion parallax. However, achieving both high-capacity information encoding and a large field-of-view (FOV) remains challenging. Here, we propose a high-capacity, large-FOV holographic multiview 3D display by integrating orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing with forked nanograting arrays fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL). A 3 × 3 hologram array is loaded onto a spatial light modulator (SLM), with each sub-hologram encodes four orthogonal OAM modes, enabling parallel high-capacity information storage. Each OAM channel is diffracted by the corresponding forked nanograting array into multiple discrete directions (experimentally verified up to nine), effectively expanding the accessible viewing range. A dual dynamic control mechanism allows real-time hologram refresh on the SLM and selective switching of different OAM-encoded image sets without computational latency. Experiments under 532 nm illumination successfully reconstruct eight independent 3D scenes with nine viewpoints across a 30° field of view, achieving an average structural similarity index (SSIM) of ∼0.81 with negligible crosstalk. This work establishes a reconfigurable, high-throughput, large-FOV multiview 3D display framework, with potential for portable AR/VR devices, holographic communication and medical surgical navigation.