Trans-scale hierarchical metasurfaces for multispectral compatible regulation of lasers, infrared light, and microwaves

Electromagnetic scattering control of optical windows has significant challenges in improving optical transmission and compatibility, especially for multispectral and large-angle incidences, due to material and structure mismatches. This paper presents trans-scale hierarchical metasurfaces (THM) to achieve wide-angle optical transmission enhancement and electromagnetic scattering-compatible regulation in dual-band lasers, and infrared and microwave ranges. THM comprises an ultrafine hollow metal array (UHMA) and a transmission-enhanced micro-nanocone array (TMCA). The UHMA regulates microwave radar cross-section (RCS) echo diffuse reflection, while the upper-layer TMCA enables wide-angle optical transmission enhancement. A THM sample of 200 × 200 mm2 was fabricated using multistage nanolithography, demonstrating exceptional multifunctional compatibility and optical performance. Results show that the THM sample achieves 10 dB scattering reduction in the 9.5–17.5 GHz microwave band, with average optical transmittance exceeding 90 % at 0°–60° incidence angles within optical ranges of 1.42, 1.7, and 3–5 μm. Compared to a zinc sulfide (ZnS) window with a UHMA on its surface, the THM improved the average transmission by 34.3 % over wide angles while allowing microwave scattering control. Broadband polarization-independent, low-crosstalk imaging, and hydrophobic characteristics were demonstrated. This study provides a design approach for multifunctional devices with synergistic optical and microwave regulation, particularly for optical transparency in microwave devices.