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Inborn errors of immunity are a group of genetic disorders caused by mutations that affect the development and/or function of several compartments of the immune system, predisposing patients to infections, autoimmunity, ...

Background. Pediatric abdominal pain accounts for more than 1 million emergency department (ED) visits annually, and appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency. Guidelines recommend ultrasound as the initial imag...

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures on children. Indications for tonsillectomy include recurrent tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea, and peritonsillar abs...

ObjectivePediatric direct inguinal hernia (DIH) is an extremely rare congenital abdominal wall defect, accounting for less than 4% of all pediatric inguinal hernias. Its clinical manifestations overlap highly with indire...

Saliva as a microfluidic system offers numerous advantages for both general and oral health diagnostic and therapeutic procedures since its assembly is quick, stress-free, inexpensive and non-invasive. Moreover, saliva i...

Aim: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common behavioral disturbance during recovery from general anesthesia in pediatric patients. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative bispect...

BackgroundX-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIGM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency (PID) caused by pathogenic variants in the CD40 ligand (CD40LG) gene, resulting in defective immunoglobulin class-switch recombination, cau...

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is generally milder in children than adults, but concerns remain regarding potential long-term pulmonary sequelae, even in non-pneumonic case...

IntroductionActivated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta Syndrome (APDS) is a rare disease characterized by progressive symptoms that begin early in life, including lymphoproliferation, recurrent and persistent infections, ...

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a eficácia do fluralaner no tratamento da demodicidose juvenil generalizada canina. Dois caninos, apresentando dois e três meses de idade, com diagnóstico clínico e ...

Primary hyperoxaluria is a rarely encountered disease characterised by recurrent urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and oxalate deposition in almost all tissues, generally inherited in autosomal recessive fashion and the im...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological entity characterized by headache, altered mental state, seizure, visual disturbance and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding...

Abstract Background High-risk infants, particularly those with Cerebral Palsy (CP), face major challenges. Early identification of CP is crucial to reducing the disease burden and initiating early intervention. The Gener...

Abstract Certain human mutations in the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 4A1 (ALDH4A1) lead to a severe, paediatric form of epilepsy and developmental abnormalities, yet the precise molecular mechanism leading to the...

Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal (EAC) are a common pediatric emergency, especially in children aged 1–4 years due to exploratory behavior and limited risk awareness. Common objects include beads, toy part...

BackgroundReducing under-5 mortality remains a global health priority. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by the public to access medical information. However, current evidence evaluating LLMs’ performa...

Introduction: Low-voltage electrical injuries are generally considered low risk but can cause significant thermal injury when current is concentrated through conductive materials. Circumferential neck burns from mobile p...

Abstract. With levels of medicine and pharmacology individualization constantly increasing, the scientific community is becoming seriously concerned about the safety of existing and developing drugs for the pediatric pop...

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the correlation between trace element concentrations, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and the severity of tic disorders (TD) in children from the Hubei region. Additionally, ...

BackgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent inborn error of immunity. Although CVID is most commonly diagnosed in adulthood, a subset of patients is diagnosed in childhood. Autoimmune and end-...

Abstract Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are critical priority pathogens due to their resistance to carbapenems, the last-resort antibiotics, and their rapid spread in healthcare facilities. The study inves...

This article aims at providing a general overview of psychological interventions intended to promote psychological adjustment of children with cancer and their parents. To achieve this goal, we reviewed published article...

BackgroundPivotal clinical trials form the evidentiary foundation for FDA oncology drug approvals, yet persistent disparities in participant demographics may limit the generalizability and equity of cancer care. This stu...

Williams syndrome (WS), also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder. Although the exact incidence is unknown, it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 20,000 live births. The syndrome ...