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In the growing diversity of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models of brain development, we present here a novel method that exhibits 3D cortical layer formation in a reproducible topography of minimal...

ABSTRACT Microbiology, the study of microorganisms, is of critical importance to a variety of fields, including medicine, nursing, genetics, and immunology, as well as to students training to enter those fields. By defin...

Since most physiology core concepts are equally applicable to humans and other multicellular organisms, human physiology instructors may reasonably wonder whether consistent use of nonhuman assessment questions would enh...

Abstract While both common and rare variants contribute to the genetic etiology of complex traits, whether their impacts manifest through the same effector genes and molecular mechanisms is not well understood. Here, we ...

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been reported to have multiple trajectories, including terminally differentiated Tfh, memory-like circulatory Tfh (cTfh), and, most recently, induced T follicular regulatory (iTfr) ce...

This study aims to examine the role of exosomes derived from human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs-Exo) in the in vitro construction of a composite structure comprising hUSCs and a porcine urethral decellularized matrix...

Abstract Neural populations that are able to extract quantitative information from multiple sensory domains are essential for the survival of numerous species. How quantity is encoded across different senses is far from ...

Abstract Studies of biological timekeeping have now matured from investigations of a fascinating and ubiquitous phenomenon into a discipline with practical applications; the excitement surrounding such translation has be...

Abstract Background & aims Understanding of the dynamic changes of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), Kupffer cells (KC), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) is critical for studying liver (patho)physio...

Temporal analysis of two inducible human genes reveals that H3K4me3 is uncoupled from transcriptional initiation, acting as a post-transcriptional mark rather than a driver of induction. Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylatio...

Abstract Background Chromatin condensation, accompanied by pronounced nuclear shrinkage, is a pivotal step in terminal erythroid differentiation and is essential for enucleation. However, the precise timing and molecular...

Subretinal delivery of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is an important treatment for retinal degeneration patients, and the cell suspension method is the most common approach. Injectable hydrogel-mediated cell eng...

We reveal a coordinating role for Cx32-mediated cell–cell communication in maintaining mitotic-quiescence and limiting migration-associated TGFβ signalling, extracellular matrix remodelling and mesenchymal-like change...

Regulatory science governing monoclonal antibody development has undergone a profound transformation over the past decade, shifting from empiricism-driven paradigms toward evidence-efficient, mechanism-based frameworks g...

In this study, the authors show that treatment with acetyl-carnitine can ameliorate learning and memory defects and hyperactivity in a mouse model of the cognitive disorder, Arboleda–Tham syndrome. Pathogenic variants ...

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) rely on olfaction to communicate and acquire information about their environment. Olfactory signals delivered via urine, faeces, and glandular secretions, serve critical functions in reproductio...

Abstract Actions are the building blocks of our dynamic visual world, yet the neural computations supporting action perception are not well understood. How does perceptual and conceptual information unfold in the brain w...

Modern disaster medicine faces a critical tension between humanitarian impulse and evidence-based necessity. And while disaster risk is the product of Hazard and Vulnerability, socio-economic factors are the primary pred...

Background: Wound healing is a complex biological process involving vascular remodeling and tissue repair. However, the mechanism by which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) facilitates vascular ma...

One way that pathogens develop resistance to pharmaceuticals is by forming biofilms, which are 3-D communities of bacteria. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying new antibiofilm agents from nature th...

Abstract Certain human mutations in the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 4A1 (ALDH4A1) lead to a severe, paediatric form of epilepsy and developmental abnormalities, yet the precise molecular mechanism leading to the...

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are transforming adoptive cell therapy by combining unlimited self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and high amenability to genome engineering. These attributes make ...

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous group of biliary malignant tumors with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the immune system in the deve...

Ukrainian university students facing profound mental health challenges during the ongoing war, a humanitarian crisis exacerbated by cognitive warfare - efforts to destabilise consciousness, erode trust and manipulate emo...