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Background Long‐term microscopic agglutination test (MAT) results after vaccination with 4‐serovar Leptospira vaccines are not available for all vaccines used in client‐owned dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives To determin...

IntroductionChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Given the limited effectiveness of current Ct screening and treatment programs, alongside the lack of...

Abstract Background and objectives Squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T-cells 3 (SART3) has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, given its overexpression in various malignancies and low or a...

Abstract Background Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Benin, particularly among children under five years of age. Despite the wide deployment of vector control measures the disease burden remains high. B...

Abstract Therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine is an attractive option to control existed HPV infection and related lesions. The two early viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are continuously expressed in most HP...

Abstract Objective The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance poses significant clinical challenges, particularly in cases of co-infections involving Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), ...

Rapid establishment of herd immunity with vaccination is effective to combat emerging infectious diseases. Although the incorporation of adjuvant and intradermal (ID) injection could augment early responses to the vaccin...

Abstract Background Mongolia has a high prevalence of liver disease from chronic viral hepatitis infections, which can compromise the immune response. It is unclear whether people with chronic liver disease produce a rob...

AIM: The hepatitis B infection is a subject that still keeps its significance for hemodialysis staff members and hemodialysis patients at present. In this study, our aim was to evaluate whether the infections occurring d...

Introduction: Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus is regarded as the most effective way to prevent disease. Selection of appropriate vaccine strains is challenging due to lack of cross-protection between ser...

Abstract Background Vaccine refusal is a growing public health concern, threatening herd immunity and the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced healthcare delivery and vaccine refu...

Abstract Background Despite global efforts to reduce preventable childhood illness by distributing infant vaccines, immunization coverage in sub-Saharan African settings remains low. Further, timely administration of vac...

Abstract Objective High-altitude chronic hypoxia can alter the immune status, yet the immune regulatory characteristics of various vaccine adjuvants in this environment remain to be fully elucidated. Accordingly, emph...

Chagas disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in 21 Latin American countries and the southern United States and now is spreading into several other countries due to migration. Despite the e...

Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent paramyxovirus that causes serious disease in humans and animals. Accurate quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAB) against NiV is essential for vaccine development. The current sta...

Introduction Influenza remains a significant public health burden, particularly for high-risk populations such as older adults and those with chronic diseases. Effectiveness of standard-dose egg-grown influenza vaccines ...

Eighteen steroid-responsive children with nephrotic syndrome were vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine (PNEUMO-23) in order to investigate the effectiveness and necessity of this vaccine and they were followed up for thr...

Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) recombinant vector vaccines are widely used in the poultry industry. However, due to limitations in loading multiple foreign antigens into a single HVT vector, other viral vectors are urgently...

ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the protection for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) infection, afforded by vaccination with a combo inactivated vaccine, which contains bovine viral d...

Abstract Background The contribution of vaccination to global public health and community wellbeing has been described as one of the greatest success stories of modern medicine. However, 13.5 million children still miss ...

BackgroundThe COVID-19 vaccination of Ukrainian refugees (UR) should be a top priority.MethodsBetween May and July 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study that surveyed consecutive UR registering at a refugee center i...

Although vaccination remains one of the most impactful interventions in contemporary public health, with consistent and widely documented reductions in morbidity and mortality, the traditional empirical development of va...

BackgroundNew vaccine approaches are needed against tuberculosis (TB). We sought to optimize mucosal immunogenicity and protective efficacy by modulating the adjuvant component and route of immunization of a next-generat...

Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended different dosage and different way from the allot of study in hemodialysis patients. We aim to investigate the effect of single and double dose hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patie...