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Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of short peptides with therapeutic potential as antimicrobial agents and immune regulators. Many anurans (frogs and toads) produce diverse sets of AMPs via speci...

BackgroundRadical prostatectomy remains a key curative treatment for localized prostate cancer which has undergone continuous transformation. Recent developments in robot-assisted and single-port surgery have followed th...

Ultra-massive white dwarfs are powerful tools used to study various physical processes in the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), type Ia supernova explosions, and the theory of crystallization through white dwarf asteroseism...

Abstract Background Repetitive elements, particularly satellite DNA (satDNA), play a significant role in genome evolution and organisation. However, their diversity and evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood in n...

Amid rapid urbanization, China faces dual challenges of air pollution (AP) and carbon emissions (CE), urgently requiring synergistic governance—an area that remains underexplored due to limited dynamic and heterogeneou...

Hibernation and daily torpor are two distinct forms of torpor, and although they are related, it is not known how and in which sequence they evolved. As the pattern of torpor expressed by the oldest marsupial order the o...

Abstract Selenoproteins incorporate the rare selenium-containing amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) and play crucial roles for redox homeostasis, stress response, and hormone regulation. Sec is inserted by co-translational ...

Abstract Industrial emissions are significant contributors to global air pollution, particularly with respect to PM2.5 and CO2 emissions. It remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges globally, driven larg...

The governance of online rumors during major emergencies is essential for maintaining social stability and ensuring a healthy cyberspace. This study develops a tripartite evolutionary game model involving local governmen...

Inflorescence forms in grasses lead to a general assumption that their evolution is random. We reconstructed the ancestral inflorescence for Poaceae subtribe Eleusininae and outlined possible evolutionary pathways to tes...

Twenty-five years after its last major reform, the World Bank is embarking on a wide review of its mission, operational procedures and financial mechanisms. However, the current proposal runs the risk of failing to deliv...

Despite having >1200 described species and despite their nearly worldwide distribution and prevalence in many xeric ecosystems, relative to many other arachnid groups, we know little about the natural history and behavio...

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading global cause of disability, yet conventional tools lack sensitivity for early detection and precise prognostication. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine lear...

Context. Water ice is expected to be the dominant volatile component of bodies formed in the outer Solar System. However, recent observations of comets and trans-Neptunian objects suggest that the relative abundances of ...

In the Sichuan Basin, the activity of the Huayingshan fault significantly affects the structural evolution of the sedimentary cover and promotes the formation of oil and gas fields, but further research is needed on its ...

Background The role of human lineage mutations (HLMs) in human evolution through post-transcriptional modification is unclear.Aims To investigate the contribution of HLMs to human evolution through post-transcriptional m...

Abstract Freshwater adaptation from marine ancestors represents a major ecological transition in teleost evolution, yet its genomic basis remains poorly understood. The genus Brachirus is predominantly marine, although a...

Homogenizationmodels are widely used to predict the evolution of texture (crystal preferred orientations) and resulting anisotropy of physical properties in metals, rocks, and ice. They fail, however, in predicting two m...

Abstract Mitochondrial genomes of some animals remained almost unchanged architecturally for over half a billion of years, while other lineages exhibit conspecific variability. The drivers underlying this disparity remai...

Abstract Background Comparative genomics and plastome phylogenomics have advanced significantly in recent years, highlighting the diversity, possible admixture, and non-neutral evolution of the predominantly considered n...

Multiple studies had been conducted to improve the geological understanding and enrichment patterns of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin’s complex tectonic belt. However, the influence of ...

Reproductive strategies can be inferred from adult body mass, although offspring characteristics can give more accurate tools to predict life histories. In fossil mammals, adult body mass estimation incorporates error to...

Animal promoters initiate transcription either at precise positions (narrow promoters) or dispersed regions (broad promoters), a distinction referred to as promoter shape. Although highly conserved, the functional proper...

Educators in the life sciences can be challenged by students who disagree with Darwin’s theory of evolution. This article analyses the history of Creationist’s attempts to introduce alternative explanations to Darwin...