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Abstract Ulcerative colitis remains a challenging clinical condition due to its complex etiology and the limitations of current therapies. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PDELNs) represent a new class of natural...

Abstract The early and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a significant clinical challenge. To this end, we profiled the surface proteome of individual plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) fro...

Abstract Background Therapeutic Communities (TCs) are long-term residential treatment settings for individuals with substance use disorders, who often present with neuropsychological impairments. These impairments may in...

Abstract Bone defects present significant challenges in clinical practice due to the limitations of traditional treatments. Compared to traditional cell therapies, exosome-based therapies have emerged as a promising alte...

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are primarily treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib. However, the development of drug resistance remains a critical clinical challenge...

Abstract Background Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by fascial inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. Thromboembolic complications in eosinophilic fasciitis are uncommon and p...

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have fundamentally altered the therapeutic paradigm for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, durable clinical benefit remains limited to biologically define...

Abstract Testicular sex cord stromal tumor (TSCST) is a rare testicular tumor with unknown molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited therapeutic options. To define the molecular mechanism and potenti...

Abstract Dormant cancer cells are a significant source of cancer recurrence and metastasis and exhibit robust resistance to conventional therapies. Therefore, the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate ...

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, affecting multiple organ systems. Within the central nervous system obesity causes a series of disruptions that can significantly affect neurologica...

Abstract Inflammatory diseases remain a major clinical challenge due to their complex pathologies and the limitations of current anti-inflammatory therapies. Conventional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammato...

Abstract Background Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of cancer due to its promising survival benefits. Although FDA-approved cancer immunotherapy primarily leverages adaptive immunity for t...

Abstract Background Managing the simultaneous treatment of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) increases the risk of adverse reactions, drug interactions, and challenges to treatment adherence. To address these complexities, ...

Abstract Therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine is an attractive option to control existed HPV infection and related lesions. The two early viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are continuously expressed in most HP...

Abstract Background Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a pathophysiological process during liver transplantation, characterized by insufficient oxygen supply and subsequent restoration of blood flow leading to...

Abstract Background Aberrant functional connectivity (FC) between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) is a replicated neural correlate of major depressive disor...

Abstract Objective Retinal neovascularization is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Chinese herbal medicines have unique therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotecti...

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising treatment of liver fibrosis which is a key process in liver diseases. Recent studies have shown that transplanted MSCs undergo rapid apoptosis and...

Abstract Scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and positively improving intestinal dysbiosis is a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, conventional clinical ...

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe clinical syndrome with limited therapeutic options. Acute lung injury (ALI) is widely used as an experimental animal model that recapitulates the...

Abstract Background Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function, resulting in high mortality and posing a substantial global health burden. Human embryo...

Abstract Background Myeloid epithelial reproductive tyrosine kinase (MERTK) receptor is overexpressed in cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. RGX-019-MMAE, a novel humanized IgG1-MMAE antibody-drug conjugate (A...

Abstract Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an underrecognized condition with rapidly evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigated temporal and regional trends in diagnost...

Abstract Background Microglial activation is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to both the initiation and chronification of migraine. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of receptor-mediated s...