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Allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and their combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) frequently coexist. However, the underlying pathophysiological and metabolic mechanisms, as well as reliable diagnostic dif...

Introduction: In recent years, the prevalence of atopic diseases among children has increased. Increasing evidence suggests that early gut microbiota development, shaped in part by the mode of delivery, feeding practices...

As the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) continues to rise worldwide, more and more patients are reporting a lower quality of life. In addition to causing common nasal symptoms such as...

Chlorhexidine is extensively utilized as a skin antiseptic in routine clinical practice. In recent years, reports of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions induced by chlorhexidine have been increasing progressively...

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) involves Th2/Th17 immune dysregulation and nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms linking these processes remain unclear.ObjectiveHere, we investigated wh...

Abstract Background The complex relationship between the gut microbiome and immune system development during infancy is considered a key factor in the rising rates of pediatric allergic diseases. Food protein-induced all...

ABSTRACT Background The distribution of eye diseases differs depending on the geographical and socioeconomic context. Aim Therefore, this study analysed the pattern of eye conditions and diseases among patients at Nkhata...

IntroductionOSMR encodes oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRβ), a cell surface receptor of the gp130 family that binds OSM and IL-31, and is highly expressed on fibroblasts. The gp130 family comprises signaling proteins, m...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation had been shown to have a potential for reducing chronic pain. MSC transplantation suppresses excessive inflammation, and one of the potential mechanisms of action is a gap jun...

We describe two Turkish patients with tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) deficiency who experienced recurrent infections ranging from viral to bacterial and intracellular pathogens.Case 1An 8-year-old male patient was first admitt...

Severe gingival inflammation, which is uncommon in pediatric patients, often indicates underlying systemic conditions. Leukemia, autoimmune diseases, and allergic symptoms can cause gingivitis owing to systemic inflammat...

IntroductionRNU4ATAC-opathies are characterized by biallelic pathogenic variants and include three recognized phenotypes: autosomal recessive Roifman syndrome, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD), an...

Genetic alteration of the genes of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins (e.g., actin-related protein complex-1 [ARPC1]) results in severe immune and hematological defects. ARPC1B deficiency (ARPC1BD) is an immune-actinopathy...

Introduction and ObjectivesAccurate diagnosis of IgE-mediated diseases requires identifying relevant allergens to guide appropriate clinical management and reduce healthcare costs (1). The ImmunoCAP Phadiatop (Thermo Fis...

RationaleHypogammaglobulinemia increases the risk of life-threatening bacterial infections that require antibiotic treatment in pediatric patients. Only a handful of studies have looked at the prevalence of allergies in ...

IntroductionPathogenic variants in the COPA gene are associated with autosomal-dominant autoimmune interstitial lung, joint, and kidney disease, a condition known as COPA syndrome. It is associated with a type I interfer...

Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) is the second most common cause of congenital heart disease (CHD) and a multisystem disorder that contributes to substantial overall disease burden. Additionally, 22q11.2DS is the...

BackgroundSevere alopecia areata in children is difficult to treat, and conventional therapies often show limited efficacy and substantial adverse effects. Dupilumab has shown potential in patients with alopecia areata a...

BackgroundPrimary atopic disorders (PADs) are monogenic inborn errors of immunity marked by severe allergic disease. Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) variants in STAT6 have recently been recognized as a PAD associated...

IntroductionSporotrichosis is an uncommon but emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis can disseminate and result in significant morbidity and mortality, despite tr...

BackgroundFibromyalgia affects 2%–8% of the global population with suboptimal treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests histamine intolerance, mediated by diamine oxidase (DAO) deficiency, may contribute to fibrom...

Genome-wide association studies have identified members of the CARD11/MALT1/BCL10 (CBM) complex as susceptibility loci for common allergic disorders, while carriers with rare loss-of-function (LOF) variants in MALT1 or C...

BackgroundAsthma is traditionally conceptualized as a T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated inflammatory airway disease. However, increasing evidence suggests that primary immune dysregulation may underlie or phenotypically mimic as...

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a monogenic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the FOXP3 gene, which is critical for the development of functional regulato...