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Problem: The phenotype and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells in rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was evaluated. Method of study: Distribution of Treg cells in draining lymph nodes from the testis (TLN...

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans)merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif yang dikaitkan dengan penyakit periodontal. Ekspresi positif CD4+ tampak pada keadaan gingivitis(inflamasi gingiva) maupun pe...

1 The aim of the present work was to examine the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) on DNA synthesis and CD40 expression in human fibroblast cells. Neonatal human skin fibroblast cultures were stimulated ...

BackgroundAn adverse female bias exists across many autoimmune disorders, yet its underlying mechanisms, particularly the role of sex hormones, remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the physiological influence of sex ho...

Abstract Objective Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play a key role as “immune sentinels” in mucosal immune protection. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation and long-term resid...

In enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a B-cell lymphoma caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, immune remodeling within tumor-affected lymph nodes is currently poorly understood. Here, we analyzed chemokine produc...

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a monogenic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the FOXP3 gene, which is critical for the development of functional regulato...

IntroductionThe precise mechanisms linking TCR-dependent nutrient import and metabolic reprogramming to CD4+ T helper (Th) fate and function remain elusive. Here, we show that the CARD11–BCL10–MALT1 (CBM) complex fac...

Abstract Immunotherapy has transformed melanoma treatment, yet only a subset of patients benefit and clinically effective biomarkers remain limited. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis evaluating CD27 as a predictiv...

IntroductionCD48 is a coactivating receptor within the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family that is important for the regulation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity and T cell activation. Volkmer et al. previou...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of clonal B lymphocytes. Proliferation occurs in lymphoid tissues upon interaction of leukemic cells with a supportive microenvironment....

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly disabling neurodegenerative autoimmune condition in which an unbalanced immune response plays a critical role. Although the mechanisms remain poorly defined, helminth infections are kn...

BackgroundChronic kidney disease involves progressive fibrosis and immune dysregulation. Aprotinin, a broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, has shown dose-dependent renal effects, but its role in obstructive nephropa...

Abstract Trichinellosis is a zoonosis results from eating raw or semi-cooked meat of infected animals. Medicinal plants have been used lately as alternatives and/or combined therapies to resolve some drawbacks of the cur...

Deficiency in ELF4, X-linked (DEX) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder caused by loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the ETS transcription factor ELF4. This rare disorder primarily affects young, male patients due t...

Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), caused by pathogenic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), remains one of the most economically devastating diseases in the global swine industry, and the continued emergence an...

Background Despite expanding therapeutic options, the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors benefit only a subset of patients, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition...

Abstract Background The efficacy of conventional αβ T cell-based immunotherapies is often limited by tumor immune evasion. γδ T cells can bypass these limitations through MHC-independent tumor recognition, but their ...

S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the gene AHCY. Loss of SAH hydrolase causes SAH accumulation and impairs the methionine/S-adenosyl...

CD19negCD20dim T cells are mostly CD8+ and predominantly express memory markers. Based on the literature, they may be a subset of inflammatory T cells rather than a transient activated state. I postulated that CD19negCD2...

Galactosemia involves different forms of inborn errors of metabolism affecting galactose processing. Different from type 1 and type 2, respectively, related to GALT and GALK1 defects, type 3 galactosemia is due to bialle...

Abstract Background Bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) transplantation is increasingly recognized as a valuable strategy in regenerative therapies. However, the data regarding the impact of BMDC transplantation on the sever...

Abstract Background Immunological non-responders (INR), distinguished by profound immune dysfunction, fail to achieve immune reconstitution despite receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). INR experience lower life expect...

Tissue resident memory CD4+ T cells (TRMs) populate mucosal sites and play a critical role in local immune responses. Gut TRM cells persist for extended periods in the gut mucosa where they rapidly respond to invading pa...