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IntroductionOSMR encodes oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRβ), a cell surface receptor of the gp130 family that binds OSM and IL-31, and is highly expressed on fibroblasts. The gp130 family comprises signaling proteins, m...

We previously reported that inherited human retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγT) deficiency underlies mycobacterial disease and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in seven patients from three ances...

Microplastics (MPs), environmental pollutants resulting from the degradation of plastic products and industrial processes, have become ubiquitous in global ecosystems. MPs can enter the human body through ingestion, inha...

Growing evidence has directly linked the gastrointestinal tract, gut microbiota, and central nervous system, forming the gut-brain axis, a process that has been described as a key mechanism in regulating neurological pro...

Abstract The genomic locus that encodes the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is highly pleiotropic and associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Coding variants associated with risk of PD act as gain of functi...

While studying familial celiac disease, we identified four individuals with a rare heterozygous loss-of-function variant in the highly conserved, early-evolved ABCF1 gene. In addition, the 246 individuals heterozygous fo...

Background and AimMost infections are innocuous in most individuals, and most infectious diseases are confined to specific organs. Inborn errors of tissue-intrinsic, non-leukocytic immunity underlie some organ-specific i...

Copper is an essential trace element in the human body, extensively involved in key physiological and biochemical processes such as antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, neural signaling, and immune regulation. In rece...

IntroductionMacrophages play a key role in inflammatory diseases. We aimed to identify long noncoding RNAs that regulate pro-inflammatory activation of human macrophages. MethodsWe performed human lncRNA microarray analy...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) features chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), where adipocytes and innate immune cells engage in immunometabolic crosstalk. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecula...

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been reported to have multiple trajectories, including terminally differentiated Tfh, memory-like circulatory Tfh (cTfh), and, most recently, induced T follicular regulatory (iTfr) ce...

BackgroundIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) products are widely used to treat immune deficiency and autoimmune disorders; however, infusion-related reactions remain a significant clinical concern. Differences in tolerabi...

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), once considered rare, are more common than previously thought, affecting up to 1:1000 individuals, with 555 IEI identified involving variants in 546 genes. This expanded genetic and clini...

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by progressive functional decline and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. At the biological level, aging is chara...

IntroductionIsolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH), defined by low free thyroxine (FT4) with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the reference range, is a clinically relevant thyroid phenotype in late pregnancy, w...

Longitudinal profiling of 136 newborns shows thymic output peaks at 3–4 mo, correlating with plasma RANKL, lymphotoxin-α, and the TCRD variant rs2204985. In thymic tissue, RANKL tracks medullary—but not cortical—e...

Abstract Immune system dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases, including cancer. Genetic studies have shown evidence of a link between immune diseases and cancer; therefore, deficits of immune syst...

Oral mucosal ageing represents a fundamental reprogramming of the tissue microenvironment, a dynamic process that underlies the functional decline and heightened disease susceptibility observed in the elderly. This revie...

Background: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria are spherical lipid bilayer nanostructures with diameters of 20 to 250 nm. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone periodontal pathogen,...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S. and the primary cause of multiple anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Although HPV vaccination is effective, uptake remains subop...

Abstract Background Epidemiological data consistently associate low vitamin D status with elevated cardiovascular risk, yet causal mechanisms remain contested. Methods This review synthesized evidence through a protocol-...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a critical yet underutilized strategy for preventing HPV-related cancers in young adults. University students represent a key demographic for catch-up vaccination owing to their ...

Abstract Cytokines from the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential regulators of cell growth, survival, and differentiation, playing a pivotal role in mammalian embryonic development, adult tiss...

Abstract Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) signaling promotes disease-associated microglia (DAM) and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional anti-TREM2 agonist antibodies ...