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ObjectivesSince its inception in 2017, China’s National Drug Price Negotiation (NDPN) has served as a crucial mechanism for the strategic procurement of innovative medicines, with pediatric medicines representing a key...

INTRODUCTION: Intussusception is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in childhood, and early diagnosis with appropriate treatment can reduce the need for surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinic...

Abstract Background Scurvy has re-emerged in association with neurodevelopmental and eating disorders, particularly selective eating. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric scurvy cases...

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) affects 30–50% of obese children, yet accurate non-invasive quantification remains challenging. While magnetic resonance imaging-proton density ...

BackgroundTreatment of childhood cancer is associated with a substantial risk of life-threatening complications that may require admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Data describing clinical characteristi...

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures on children. Indications for tonsillectomy include recurrent tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea, and peritonsillar abs...

Abstract Background and Objectives pediatric Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical for saving children who experience cardiac arrest, but traditional teaching is often ineffective at improving clinical competen...

Background: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization and remains a significant contributor to morbidity and healthcare burden globally. Prolonged hospital stays can complicate out...

IntroductionDental caries is a prevalent childhood condition with significant health and economic consequences. Disease management techniques, such as silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sealants, have emerged as alternati...

BackgroundPulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy is the gold standard for treating port-wine stains (PWS) in children but frequently requires procedural analgosedation due to pain and the need for immobility. The optimal sedativ...

ObjectivePediatric direct inguinal hernia (DIH) is an extremely rare congenital abdominal wall defect, accounting for less than 4% of all pediatric inguinal hernias. Its clinical manifestations overlap highly with indire...

Abstract Background Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) have recently been integrated as one of the academic assessment tools for French undergraduate medical students. Data are scarce regarding the correl...

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) in children presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and low microbiological yield. Imaging plays a crucial role in supporting diagnosis, parti...

Aim: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common behavioral disturbance during recovery from general anesthesia in pediatric patients. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative bispect...

Abstract Traditional pediatric internship training for undergraduate medical students is often limited by student passivity and underdevelopment of clinical reasoning and skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiv...

Lloyd M Halpern,1 Zackary Correll,2 De-An Zhang,3 Clark J Kogan,4 Kirk A Ryan,5 Ted Sousa6 1Department of Anesthesia, Shriners Children’s Hospital, Spokane, WA, USA; 2Department of Medicine, University of Washington Sc...

Sepsis remains one of the most complex and lethal syndromes in pediatric critical care, driven by dysregulated and heterogeneous host responses to infection. Despite decades of biomarker research, few biomarkers have bee...

Background: Hematological malignancies, encompassing leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis plays a pivotal role in improving prognosis and facilitatin...

Objective To compare the outcome of rectal and surface electrode stimulation, when performed concomitantly with routine anal sphincter (AS) exercises and bio-feedback training, in children who have received corrective su...

Abstract Background Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children. The prevalence and etiological patterns of pediatric UTIs vary based on demographic and environmen...

ObjectivesParents often lack knowledge regarding healthy sleep practices, and little is known about whether a brief behavioral intervention emphasizing mastery, personalization, motivation, and modeling can increase pare...

Abstract. With levels of medicine and pharmacology individualization constantly increasing, the scientific community is becoming seriously concerned about the safety of existing and developing drugs for the pediatric pop...

Severe gingival inflammation, which is uncommon in pediatric patients, often indicates underlying systemic conditions. Leukemia, autoimmune diseases, and allergic symptoms can cause gingivitis owing to systemic inflammat...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and one of the major causes of mortality worldwide, especially in children under the age of 15 years. Abdominal TB includes TB of bowel, peritoneum, lymph nodes, or other soli...