Childbirth ritual in the Volyn Polissya region: traditional norms of behavior for pregnant women.

The research aim. Based on field ethnographic materials collected in the Kovel and Kamin-Kashirsky districts of the Volyn region, to study the prenatal customs of Volyn Polissya, in particular, analyze the normative rules of behavior for pregnant women (warnings and prohibitions) that shape the characteristics of carrying and giving birth to a child, ensuring the physical and mental health of the mother and her child. Research methodology. Historical methods (analysis and synthesis, typological, comparative-historical) and ethnological research methods (collection of field materials using a questionnaire program, conducted using the cluster method of ethnological research) were used. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the traditions of regulating the rules of behavior of pregnant women in Volyn Polissya were studied and their motivation was clarified. Expedition field materials were used, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. It has been proven that prenatal customs, which initiate rituals associated with the birth of a child, determine the norms of behavior of a pregnant woman and the attitude of those around her. It has been established that the restrictions and prohibitions that regulated all aspects of a pregnant woman’s life were intended to ensure a healthy pregnancy and childbirth and to protect the child from congenital physical and mental defects, which was due to beliefs about the mysterious connection between the unborn child and the actions of the future mother. Some of the rules were practical in nature, while others were based on ancient beliefs about the cause-and-effect relationship between certain objects and actions – homeopathic magic. It is emphasized that pregnant women were not restricted in performing their daily duties, which was determined by the natural state of pregnancy.