Detection and risk assessment of 17 phthalate esters residues in Baijiu available for sale in Guiyang City

ObjectiveTo understand the pollution of 17 phthalate ester compounds （PAEs） in Baijiu sold in Guiyang City and evaluate the dietary exposure risk of residents in Guiyang City.MethodsThe data of 17 PAEs in Baijiu sold in Guiyang City from 2021 to 2023 were randomly sampled， and the dietary exposure of PAEs in Baijiu was evaluated by the point evaluation method combined with the consumption and weight information of Guizhou residents.ResultsFrom 2021 to 2023， 760 samples of Baijiu on the market were collected， the total rate of exceeding the reference value is 11.71%（89/760）， and the average total content of 17 PAEs was 0.310 mg/kg. The detection rate of di-n-butyl phthalate is as high as 88.95%（676/760）， and the rate of exceeding the reference value is 11.45%（87/760）； The detection rate of di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate is 48.03%（365/760）， with a exceedance rate of 4.87%（37/760）； Dimethyl phthalate has a certain degree of non-compliance （0.39%）； Although the overall detection rate of the remaining 14 PAEs is relatively high， the degree of pollution is relatively light. From the sampling site perspective， the detection rate and over reference rate of PAEs in wholesale markets and distilleries are relatively high. The point assessment method suggested that the PAEs risk index of Baijiu intake by Guiyang residents was low.ConclusionThe pollution of PAEs in Baijiu sold in Guiyang should be paid attention to by relevant departments and consumers. The health risk of Baijiu consumption by Guiyang residents is low and acceptable.