Evaluating the impact of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on physical therapy outcomes for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders

Background: Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) is an innovative neuromodulation technique that has gained attention for its potential therapeutic effects in both musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. By delivering pulsed magnetic fields to peripheral nerves, rPMS modulates neural activity, alleviates pain, and enhances motor function, offering a non-invasive alternative to conventional treatments. This systematic review synthesizes the current evidence on the application of rPMS across a range of musculoskeletal conditions (eg., low back pain, myofascial syndrome, etc.) and neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, neuropathies, etc.). Objective: To review the current evidence on repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS), focusing on its therapeutic applications, mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and future directions in neuromodulation. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase from January 2000 to October 2023 using keywords related to Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) and its applications in musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Studies included were RCTs, CCTs, or observational studies reporting on rPMS treatment protocols and outcomes such as pain reduction, motor function, and functional improvement. Data extraction was performed by four independent reviewers, focusing on study characteristics, intervention details, and outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, with evidence strength evaluated using the GRADE system. Results: Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in both musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. In musculoskeletal disorders, rPMS significantly reduced pain, improved functional outcomes, and enhanced joint mobility in conditions. It also improved muscle strength and range of motion in Rotator Cuff Injury and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome patients, while enhancing proprioception and postural control in patients with musculoskeletal imbalances.In neurological disorders, rPMS improved motor function and promoted neuroplasticity in neurological patients. It also reduced tremor amplitude, alleviated pain, improved muscle strength, reduced spasticity in neurological conditions. These findings support rPMS as a promising neuromodulation therapy across a range of conditions. Conclusion: rPMS shows promising potential as a non-invasive therapeutic tool for managing a wide range of musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. However, further research is needed to refine treatment protocols, explore its mechanisms, and assess long-term efficacy for broader clinical application.