Associations of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and yogurt supplements with oxidative balance scores and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in neuropsychiatric disorders

Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, significantly impacting patients' Quality of Life. Probiotics can modulate the balance of gut flora, ameliorating neuropsychiatric disorders and ultimately reducing Oxidative Stress (OS) and inflammatory responses. Herein, we aimed to determine the associations of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and yogurt supplements with Oxidative Balance Scores (OBS) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: This study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 data, with 13,857 participants included in the final analysis. Probiotics supplements intakes, OBS values, depression, sleep disturbances, and cognitive function were assessed based on questionnaires and laboratory data. Logistic regression, mediation effects analysis, and COX regression modeling were employed to explore these supplements' associations with OBS values in relation to mortality linked to depression, sleep disorders, and cognitive dysfunction. Results: The intake of probiotics was positively correlated with OBS, indicating that the subjects who took probiotic supplements had healthier dietary habits and lifestyles. Mediation analysis revealed that probiotics could improve depressive symptoms (mediation effect = 28.03%, p = 0.024) and cognitive function (mediation effects = 9.26%, 14.64%, and 18.63%, respectively; p < 0.05) by reducing inflammatory responses. Furthermore, probiotic intake correlated negatively with all-cause mortality at the levels of depression, sleep disorders, and cognitive functioning [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.874, 0.906, and 0.810, respectively] and cardiovascular mortality related to depression and cognitive dysfunction (HR = 0.963 and 0.403, respectively). Conclusion: Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and yogurt supplements may reduce inflammatory responses and OS, potentially alleviating neuropsychiatric disorders and improving patients' Survival Rates.