Combined effects of aerobic and resistance exercises training on muscular endurance and related physiological variables of male middle-distance athletes

Background and Study Aim. Muscular endurance and physiological efficiency are relevant factors for middle-distance performance. While aerobic and resistance exercises improve these attributes, little is known about their combined effects among Ethiopian youth athletes. This study examined the impact of combined aerobic and resistance training on muscular endurance and physiological variables in male middle-distance athletes. Materials and Methods. Eighteen (n = 18) male middle-distance athletes were selected using a census sampling technique. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 9) and a control group (CG, n = 9). The experimental group completed an eight-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise program. Training was performed three days per week in addition to regular training. The control group continued routine training without receiving any additional intervention and served as a comparison group. Pre- and post-test data were collected for muscular endurance (squat and push-up tests), resting heart rate (RHR), hemoglobin level, and VO₂max. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Paired-sample t-tests were conducted with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in muscular endurance and physiological variables. These included the squat test (MD = -3.44, p = 0.000), push-up test (MD = -3.67, p = 0.000), resting heart rate (MD = 4.89 beats/min, p = 0.000), hemoglobin (MD = -0.29 g/dl, p = 0.039), and VO₂max (MD = -3.59 l/min/kg, p = 0.000). In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in any measured variables. Conclusions. The findings indicate that combined aerobic and resistance exercise training enhances muscular endurance and physiological performance indicators among youth male middle-distance athletes. Incorporating such combined training into regular athletic programs is recommended to improve performance outcomes.