Characteristics of genes and their expression associated with the growth rates of broiler chickens under the influence of various feed additives (review)

Highly productive crosses are necessary for the production of poultry meat, therefore, the identification and degree of manifestation of the genes involved in the formation of productive traits of broiler chickens is an important step towards increasing meat yield and improving its quality. The study of the genes responsible for growth indicators will increase the bird precocity and reduce feed and maintenance costs. This review searches for and studies a number of genes involved in the formation of muscle and fat tissue, as well as genes regulating nutrient transport in broiler chickens, which, in turn, is an important component for the production of sufficient quantities of poultry meat. During the study of literature data, it was found out that such genes as GH, MYOG, MYOD, MSTN, IGF-1, FGF2 are responsible for muscle tissue formation, these are the main genes that directly affect growth performance in broiler chickens. For the formation of adipose tissue, such genes as LEP, AdipoQ, FABP2, ACACA, PPARA, FASN are responsible. A number of genes such as SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC2A2, SLC2A3, SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, and SLC38A2 are responsible for the transport of nutrients required for normal growth of tissues and the body as a whole. Literature data analysis has shown that the use of feed additives with the addition of phytobiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, affects the activity of genes. This contributes to the formation of muscle mass, lets support the physiological state of the bird, prevent the development of diseases, accelerate the growth rate and increase the productivity of broilers.