Unpacking Qalb Behavioral Traits through the Lens of Maqasid al-Shariah: A Pathway to Foster Inclusive Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Muslim Community

In Malaysia, a worrisome trend is emerging as an increasing number of individuals find themselves trapped within the poverty bracket and the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) socioeconomic groups. To address the economic and social challenges faced by these marginalized communities and to contribute significantly to poverty reduction and overall well-being, inclusive entrepreneurship has emerged as a pivotal strategy. This study delves into the critical imperative of inclusive entrepreneurship, which often eludes existing quantitative measurements of societal well-being. These measurements frequently overlook the fundamental dimensions of social and psychological well-being inherent to inclusive entrepreneurship. Drawing from the Islamic framework of Maqasid al-Shariah, which elucidates the objectives of Islamic law, we introduce a unique concept—Qalb-based Entrepreneurial Traits. These traits are rooted in moral values and ethics, forming a bridge between Islamic principles and entrepreneurial intentions. Using a quantitative approach, we explore the determinacy of these Qalb-based entrepreneurial traits in conjunction with three key antecedents derived from the theory of planned behavior. Our study specifically focuses on assessing the entrepreneurial intentions of Muslim students enrolled in Malaysian institutions of higher learning (IHLs). Our survey encompassed 287 respondents, and we conducted a rigorous multiple regression analysis using PLS-SEM to scrutinize the relationships between these variables. Our findings leave no room for doubt—Qalb-based behavioral traits exert a significant influence on inclusive entrepreneurial intentions (IEI) among Muslim youth in Malaysia. Furthermore, we uncover that gender plays a moderating role in the relationships between Darurriyyat and Tahsiniyyat Qalb behavioral traits and inclusive entrepreneurial intentions, shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of these determinants. In essence, this study offers valuable insights into the pivotal role of Islamic ethical principles in shaping inclusive entrepreneurship. Beyond theoretical contributions, it provides practical implications for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to addressing the pressing challenges of poverty and social well-being within the Muslim community in Malaysia.