lternative energetics of the United States of America in global challenges

In the scientific article we have justified the principles of formation of the energy model of economic development of the United States of America, we have investigated the role, preconditions, factors and mechanisms of the extended implementation of alternative energetics, we have revealed insights into the key areas of achieving national energy security of the United States in the context of global challenges. We have investigated the world energy market, and we have determined the fundamental regularity of its development, which is a multidimensional diversification, as well as global asymmetry in the production and consumption of energy resources with the monopoly of a small group of countries. We have determined cause-and-effect relationships between the energy crisis of the last quarter of the 20th century and the transition of the leading countries of the world to the development of resource-preserving type of social reproduction. We have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of the United States global competitiveness and leadership in the energy sector; we have investigated the structure of the United States energy balance which is characterized by the dominance of traditional energy sources. Now the United States is acquiring more and more features of a self-sufficient country in terms of energy, having received the status of a net exporter of gas and the leader in sales of refined petroleum products. In this article we have assessed the energy policy of the United States, and we have found that the level of energy supplies of the country is the focus of the government policy; this is confirmed by a number of relevant legislative projects that establish energy saving standards and provide for encouragement of alternative energy development. We have determined the compensatory role of alternative energetics on the market of energy resources and in general energy consumption under conditions of global economic security as well as the key factors of its development: significant reduction in the price for energy technologies over time, rising cost of traditional energy sources, increasing level of environmental standards, state support for energy-efficient projects. We have carried out a detailed analysis of the global energy security ranking, and we have identified leading positions of the United States therein; we have established the determinants of the global energy leadership of the United States; we have revealed the imperfection of the method of calculating the energy security index; the following disadvantages of the method of determining the level of energy security should be considered the main ones: failure to consider the level of development of the sector of alternative energy as well as the fact that significant amounts of imported energy, after being processed, are transformed in the export of petroleum products; we have proposed to adjust the methodology of determining the level of energy security by incorporating indicators characterizing the level of development of alternative energy (volumes of introduction of renewable energy sources, investment in the development of renewable energy sources) in the calculations, and by replacing the energy resources import volume indicator for the volumes of consumed imported energy resources; we have determined that in the future the energy security of the United States will have persistent moderate trend towards improvement under the influence of close links with a number of factors that are in steady uptrends (development of alternative energy, energy resources export, appreciation of the national currency, global competitiveness).