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Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick; C. D. Gelatt; M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983

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Author / responsible party
Scott Kirkpatrick; C. D. Gelatt; M.P. Vecchi
Publisher
Science
Year
1983
Language
English

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There is a deep and useful connection between statistical mechanics (the behavior of systems with many degrees of freedom in thermal equilibrium at a finite temperature) and multivariate or combinatorial optimization (finding the minimum of a given function depending on many parameters). A detailed analogy with annealing in solids provides a framework for optimization of the properties of very large and complex systems. This connection to statistical mechanics exposes new information and provides an unfamiliar perspective on traditional optimization problems and methods.

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APA 7

Kirkpatrick, S, Gelatt, C. D, & Vecchi, M. (1983). Optimization by Simulated Annealing. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671

MLA

Kirkpatrick, Scott, et al. "Optimization by Simulated Annealing." 1983. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671.

Chicago

Kirkpatrick, Scott, C. D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi. 1983. "Optimization by Simulated Annealing.". https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671.

Harvard

Kirkpatrick, S, Gelatt, C. D. and Vecchi, M. 1983, Optimization by Simulated Annealing, Science, available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671 [Accessed 7 Aug. 2026].

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Title
Optimization by Simulated Annealing
Author / contributors
Scott Kirkpatrick; C. D. Gelatt; M.P. Vecchi
Publisher
Science
Publication year
1983
Language
English

Subjects

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Statistical mechanics; Simulated annealing; Connection (principal bundle); Analogy; Computer science; Optimization problem; Mathematical optimization; Extremal optimization; Multivariate statistics; Statistical physics; Complex system; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)
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