Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error

James J. Heckman · Econometrica · 1979

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Author / responsible party

James J. Heckman

Publisher

Econometrica

Year

1979

Language

English

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Sample selection bias as a specification error This paper discusses the bias that results from using non-randomly selected samples to estimate behavioral relationships as an ordinary specification error or «omitted variables» bias. A simple consistent two stage estimator is considered that enables analysts to utilize simple regression methods to estimate behavioral functions by least squares methods. The asymptotic distribution of the estimator is derived.

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APA 7

Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912352

MLA

Heckman, James J. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error." 1979. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912352.

Chicago

Heckman, James J. 1979. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.". https://doi.org/10.2307/1912352.

Harvard

Heckman, J. J. 1979, Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error, Econometrica, available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1912352 [Accessed 6 Aug. 2026].

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Title: Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error

Author / contributors: James J. Heckman

Publisher: Econometrica

Publication year: 1979

Language: English

Subjects

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Selection (genetic algorithm); Selection bias; Statistics; Econometrics; Sample (material); Computer science; Economics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry; Chromatography