The use of dynamic neck lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) in the adjunctive treatment of Alzheimer disease: A retrospective case series

Background: Lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) has recently emerged as a potential method for the symptomatic management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Building on this, we conceptualize the "dynamic neck LVA" (Dn-LVA) to illustrate the versatility of our technique. Dn-LVA utilizes a vein graft that traverses through the sternocleidomastoid muscle to facilitate the drainage of lymphatic fluid from the deep cervical lymphatic vessels to the external jugular vein. Methods: This study presents a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent DN-LVA at _ between November 2024 and January 2025. The clinical outcome was evaluated through PET/CT imaging and cognitive assessment tools, which included mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and clinical dementia rating (CDR). The vein graft was harvested from the lower limb. Results: Five subjects were recruited into this study. Post-operative PET/CT scans revealed up to a 6.9% increase in glucose metabolism in patient 3 and a decrease of 12.3% in amyloid deposits and a 4.7% reduction in tau deposits in patient 5 and patient 4, respectively. Clinically, MMSE and MoCA scores were improved by 1.6 and 1.4, respectively. NPI scores decreased by 5.8 across five Overall, the CDR remained unchanged in all subjects. All grafts demonstrated vessel patency, and no postoperative complications were observed. Conclusions: DN-LVA appears to be a safe, minimally invasive procedure with potential cognitive and metabolic benefits in AD. Further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.