Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis and inflammation-related diseases

Inflammation-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, and infectious diseases, have high prevalence and disability rates, imposing heavy socioeconomic and healthcare burdens. Thus, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation and identifying therapeutic targets are critical for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Chemerin, an adipokine and chemotactic protein, primarily mediates its biological effects through ChemerinR1, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Over the past 3 decades, the Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis has been implicated in the regulation of various physiological processes, such as inflammation, metabolism, and immune response. We have comprehensively reviewed this axis plays an important role in the onset, progression, and prognosis of inflammation-related diseases, highlighting its translational potential for understanding these diseases and developing targeted therapies. This review aims to elucidate the specific mechanism of the Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis in inflammation-related diseases. Specifically, the Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby further regulating cell functions and the initiation and progression of inflammation. We also elucidate the effect of the Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis on various inflammation-related diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, the Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis can serve as a biomarker for various inflammation-related diseases, enabling early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and evaluation of treatment effects. Therefore, targeting the Chemerin/ChemerinR1 axis holds great potential for the treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases.