Discrepancy Between Knowledge and Practice of Self‐Medication Among Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2023: A Cross‐Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Self‐medication, while convenient for managing minor illnesses, poses significant public health risks when practiced without adequate knowledge or oversight. In Bangladesh, especially in urban areas, self‐medication is common, driven by inadequate regulation and low public awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of self‐medication among adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2023 in Badda, Dhaka. A total of 361 adults who attempted to purchase medications without a prescription were interviewed using a semi‐structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests were applied to examine associations. Results Among 361 participants, 330 (91.4%, 95% CI: 88.1–94.0) reported illness in the previous 3 months, and 198 (60.0%, 95% CI: 54.6–65.1) of these self‐medicated. The most common ailments treated were cough (86; 43.4%), headache (72; 36.4%), and acidity (40; 20.2%). Frequently used medicines included analgesics (96; 48.5%), anti‐ulcer agents (65; 32.8%), and antibiotics (55; 27.8%). While 128 (64.8%) reported having knowledge of the medicines they used, many altered dosages (147;40.7%) or discontinued treatment prematurely (165;45.7%). Among self‐medicators, 82 (41.3%) experienced side effects. Of those who self‐medicated with antibiotics, 53 (26.8%) discontinued treatment early. Conclusion Despite widespread awareness of its risks, self‐medication remains common and often unsafe among urban adults in Dhaka. Strengthening public education, enforcing regulations, and improving access to affordable healthcare are essential to promote safer self‐care practices.