Field survey of farming practices in onion farms in Morocco and diagnosis of ability to move toward agroecological practices

This study aimed to investigate onion (Allium cepa L.) production practices in the Fez–Meknes region of Northern Morocco and explore the potential for adopting an agroecological model. Field visits and interviews were conducted in seven provinces, involving 211 farmers aged 25 to over 65 years. The study assessed farm characteristics, farming practices, and farmers’ perspectives on agroecology. Most farmers (54.5%) were illiterate, with farm sizes ranging from 4 to 12 ha, predominantly in the 4–8 ha range. A majority (80.57%) practiced crop rotation, including potatoes, beans, and wheat, while others engaged in monoculture and crop associations with olives and almonds. Farmers noted negative effects of monoculture, such as decreased quality, soil erosion, and pest resistance, while crop rotation improved yield and quality. Pests such as powdery mildew and thrips, as well as weeds, were common challenges. Conventional tillage and drip irrigation were widely used. Fertilization practices varied, with 55.45% using only mineral fertilizers. Most farmers (84.46%) were unaware of agroecology, citing concerns over low productivity and lack of demand for organic products. After learning about agroecology, 54.98% expressed interest in adopting this approach. These findings offer new insights into onion farming and agroecology in Central Morocco and North Africa.