Isolated Aplasia Cutis Congenita of the Lower Limb in a Newborn: A Case Report

Aplasia Cutis Congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital disorder characterised by a lack of skin at birth, most commonly affecting the scalp, though other body areas may also be involved. The lesions typically range from 0.5 cm to 10 cm in diameter and are usually well-defined, non-inflammatory, and devoid of epidermis and, in a few cases, dermis or deeper tissues. The exact aetiology of ACC remains uncertain, though various causative factors have been proposed, including genetic mutations, intrauterine vascular compromise, maternal infections, teratogenic drug exposure during pregnancy, fetus papyraceus, and traumatic events during delivery. This case report presents an unusual case of isolated ACC, corresponding to Group VII of Frieden’s classification, involving the unilateral lower limb of a one-day-old full-term neonate, without any associated anomalies or systemic involvement. The lesion was present at birth, sharply demarcated, and devoid of signs of infection or ulceration. Conservative local wound care and gentle debridement were performed. Remarkably, the affected area showed spontaneous epithelialisation over the following weeks, healing completely without residual scarring or the need for surgical grafting. This case underscores the importance of recognising rare presentations of ACC beyond the scalp, as well as the potential for favourable outcomes with minimal intervention in selected cases. Early diagnosis, exclusion of underlying syndromic associations, and careful monitoring are essential for optimal management and prognosis.