Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer nanocomposites: advances, applications, and future perspectives

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer renowned for its exceptional piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties, along with high chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of PVDF-based nanocomposites, where nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, metal oxides, and ceramic nanoparticles are incorporated to enhance their functional properties. This review article comprehensively discusses the synthesis methods, structural modifications, enhanced properties, and diverse applications of PVDF nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of these advanced materials are explored, highlighting their potential in energy harvesting, sensors, biomedical devices, and flexible electronics.