Exploring community perceptions of gender roles as a predisposing factor in schistosomiasis infection in southwestern Uganda

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, affects people of all genders and ages. However, few studies have examined how communities in endemic areas perceive gender roles as factors influencing infection and control. This study explored the perceptions of farming (Kyaterekera) and fishing (Ndaiga) communities along Lake Albert in Uganda's Kagadi District regarding gender roles and their role in schistosomiasis infection. Using an ethnographic design, we conducted 10 key informant interviews and 18 focus group discussions with 150 participants. Data were analysed thematically. Participants from both settings recognised that gender roles influence infection risk differently for men and women. Societal expectations and gender stereotypes were seen as contributing factors. Farming men often perceived bilharzia as a lake-side issue. Drug side effects were a shared concern, but women in fishing communities preferred using herbs and prayers, while men favoured hospital visits. Gender roles and perceptions of schistosomiasis risk vary by gender and location. Common themes include societal expectations, stereotypes and concerns about treatment. Gender-specific interventions, such as gender-sensitive campaigns and inclusive decision-making, could help effectively control the disease.