Factores de riesgo relacionados con lupus eritematoso sistémico en población mexicana

Objective. To assess risk factors associated with systemiclupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Mexican population. Materialand Methods. A case-control study was conductedon June 1996, at the Reumathology Clinic of Hospital deEspecialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (HECMN), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, in Mexico City.Cases were one hundred thirty subjects with four or moreSLE criteria and disease evolution of ± 5 years. Controlswere hospitalized patients with acute diseases but withoutautoimmune diseases. Cases and controls were matched1:1 by age and gender; both groups were evaluated by directinterview through a structured questionnaire. The followingrisk factors were assessed: genetic family history ofSLE and connective tissue disease; socioedemographic (ethnicity,geographic distribution, education, monthly income);hormonal (use of oral contraceptives, replacement therapyand gynecoobstetric background); environmental (use of hairproducts, living with dogs, bacterial/viral infections, and allergies).Statistical analysis consisted of odd ratios (OR) with95% confidence intervals (CI ) and multivariate analysis usinglogistic regression. Results. The multivariate modelshowed association with family history of SLE (OR 4.2, CI95% 1.17-15.2), family history of connective tissue disorder(OR 2.6, CI 95% 1.15-4.5), use of oral contraceptives formore than one year (OR 2.1, CI 95% 1.13-4.3), repetitivepharyngitis (OR 2.1, CI 95% 1.18-3.6), and use of medications(OR 5.0 IC 95% 1.62 - 21.6). No association was foundwith socieconomic status, hair dye products, asthma, or allergies.Conclusions. Genetic factors, such as family historyof SLE and connective tissue disease in first-degreerelatives, persist as important factors in the development ofSLE. Other factors, such as use of some drugs, oral contraceptives,and repetitive pharyngitis, may also favor the onsetof disease in genetically susceptible hosts. The Englishversion of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html