The sociology of genocide: Ukrainian experience and challenges of reflection

The article examines the sociology of genocide as a new and important area of sociological research that emerged in response to numerous challenges related to mass violence, humanitarian crises, hate speech, and their devastating impact on modern societies. Special attention in the article is devoted to the Ukrainian context, particularly the experience of Russia's ongoing war against Ukraine, which is accompanied by numerous crimes that could be classified as acts of genocide. The authors analyze the reasons behind the insufficient development of this subject in Ukrainian academia. Among the key factors identified are the colonial legacy, which has restricted the development of the humanities for decades; the traumatic nature of such studies, which complicates scholars' work; and the lack of an interdisciplinary approach necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. One of the key elements of the article is Gregory Stanton’s model, which describes ten stages of genocide organization—from classification to denial, the latter being the final stage of the process. The authors note that this model is not only a tool for analyzing historical events but also a powerful instrument for preventing crimes against humanity, as it allows for the identification of dangerous trends at early stages. At the same time, the article highlights some of the model’s shortcomings. The article also discusses potential post-genocide transformations in societies that have suffered catastrophic losses and the importance of overcoming them. A key aspect here is overcoming collective trauma, restoring social ties, addressing the consequences of the marginalization of victimized groups, and developing memorialization policies that help preserve the memory of these tragedies. Particular importance is given to Claudia Card's concept of social death, which provides a broader understanding of the impact of genocide on identity, cultural memory, and the life prospects of future generations. The authors emphasize the importance of deeply studying genocide in the Ukrainian context to develop effective reconciliation policies, protect the rights of vulnerable groups, form a strong national identity, preserve historical memory, and open pathways for further development of genocide sociology and deepening academic discussions.