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Basic human needs as values: Exploring John Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy

Mattarollo, Livio · Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo · 2018

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John Dewey’s project on social philosophy has not been usually considered as an important piece of his thought. However, his writings about such topic constitute a remarkable effort to articulate several novel concepts and ideas which cannot be found elsewhere in his extensive philosophical work. Within this context, the new edition of his “Lectures in Social and Political Philosophy”—a series of lectures Dewey delivered during his stay in China—provides unique material for reviewing his social viewpoint. During this article I aim to explore Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy. Taking into account that the pragmatist introduces a “normative picture” and that he identifies a set of basic human needs at its very basis, the main arising question is how to interpret that set of human needs so as to fully understand that normative criterion. As hypotheses, I consider (i) that social philosophy is mainly engaged with practical judgments and (ii) that it is plausible to interpret these basic human needs as values. In order to support these claims, I firstly reconstruct Dewey’s proposal about a third type of social thought. Secondly, I examine his position about values and standards. Thirdly, I analyze his “normative picture” and I consider the “anthropological reading” presented by Roberto Frega (2015). Lastly, I offer a complementary analysis, arguing that it is possible to explain Dewey’s normative standard in a coherent way with respect to the aims of his social thought and, furthermore, that it is possible to avoid any essentialist commitment. O projeto de John Dewey sobre a filosofia social não tem sido considerado como uma peça importante de seu pensamento. Entretanto, seus textos sobre esse tópico constituem um notável esforço para articular diversos novos conceitos e ideias, os quais não podem ser encontrados em outra parte de sua extensa obra filosófica. Inserida nesse contexto, a nova edição de suas “Palestras em filosofia política e social” – série de palestras que Dewey apresentou quando esteve na China – fornece um material único para revisar seu ponto de vista social. Levando-se em consideração que o pragmatista introduz uma “figura normativa” e que ele identifica um conjunto de necessidades humanas básicas de maneira a compreender plenamente esse critério normativo. Como hipótese, considero (i) que a filosofia social está principalmente associada com juízos práticos e (ii) que é plausível interpretar essas necessidades humanas básicas como valores. Para sustentar essas afirmações, primeiro, reconstruo a proposta de Dewey sobre um terceiro tipo de pensamento social. Segundo, examino sua posição sobre valores e normas. Terceiro, analiso a “figura normativa” e considero a “leitura antropológica” apresentada por Roberto Frega (2015). Por fim, ofereço uma análise complementar, argumentando que é possível explicar o padrão normativo de Dewey de maneira coerente com respeito aos propósitos do seu pensamento social – e, além disso, que é possível evitar qualquer compromisso essencialista. Fil: Mattarollo, Livio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

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APA 7

Mattarollo, L. (2018). Basic human needs as values: Exploring John Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy. http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152150

MLA

Mattarollo, Livio. "Basic human needs as values: Exploring John Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152150.

Chicago

Mattarollo, Livio. 2018. "Basic human needs as values: Exploring John Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy.". http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152150.

Harvard

Mattarollo, L. 2018, Basic human needs as values: Exploring John Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152150 [Accessed 5 Aug. 2026].

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Title
Basic human needs as values: Exploring John Dewey’s normative perspective on social philosophy
Author / contributors
Mattarollo, Livio
Publisher
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
Publication year
2018
ISSN
2316-5278
ISSN
2316-5278
Language
English

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